Apache模块 mod_proxy_balancer

概述

This module requires the service of mod_proxy. It provides load balancing support for HTTP, FTP和AJP13 protocols

Thus, in order to get the ability of load balancing, mod_proxy和mod_proxy_balancer have to be present in the server.

警告

在您没有对您的服务器采取安全措施之前，不要启用代理。开放的代理服务器对你自己的内部网络和大规模的Internet网都是有安全隐患的。

Load balancer scheduler algorithm

At present, there are 2 load balancer scheduler algorithms available for use: Request Counting and Weighted Traffic Counting. These are controlled via the lbmethod value of the Balancer definition. See the Proxy directive for more information.

Request Counting Algorithm

Enabled via lbmethod=byrequests, the idea behind this scheduler is that we distribute the requests among the various workers to ensure that each gets their configured share of the number of requests. It works as follows:

<dfn class="calibre27">lbfactor</dfn> is how much we expect this worker to work, or the workers's work quota. This is a normalized value representing their "share" of the amount of work to be done.

<dfn class="calibre27">lbstatus</dfn> is how urgent this worker has to work to fulfill its quota of work.

<dfn class="calibre27">worker</dfn> is a member of the load balancer, usually a remote host serving one of the supported protocols.

We distribute each worker's work quota to the worker, and then look which of them needs to work most urgently (biggest lbstatus). This worker is then selected for work, and its lbstatus reduced by the total work quota we distributed to all workers. Thus the sum of all lbstatus does not change(*) and we distribute the requests as desired.

If some workers are disabled, the others will still be scheduled correctly.

for each worker in workers
    worker lbstatus += worker lbfactor
    total factor    += worker lbfactor
    if worker lbstatus > candidate lbstatus
        candidate = worker

candidate lbstatus -= total factor

If a balancer is configured as follows:

And b gets disabled, the following schedule is produced:

That is it schedules: a c d a c d a c d ... Please note that:

Has the exact same behavior as:

This is because all values of <dfn class="calibre27">lbfactor</dfn> are normalized with respect to the others. For:

worker b will, on average, get 4 times the requests that a和c will.

The following asymmetric configuration works as one would expect:

That is after 10 schedules, the schedule repeats and 7 a are selected with 3 b interspersed.

Weighted Traffic Counting Algorithm

Enabled via lbmethod=bytraffic, the idea behind this scheduler is very similar to the Request Counting method, with the following changes:

<dfn class="calibre27">lbfactor</dfn> is how much traffic, in bytes, we want this worker to handle. This is also a normalized value representing their "share" of the amount of work to be done, but instead of simply counting the number of requests, we take into account the amount of traffic this worker has seen.

If a balancer is configured as follows:

Then we mean that we want b to process twice the amount of bytes than a或c should. It does not necessarily mean that b would handle twice as many requests, but it would process twice the I/O. Thus, the size of the request and response are applied to the weighting and selection algorithm.

Enabling Balancer Manager Support

This module requires the service of mod_status. Balancer manager enables dynamic update of balancer members. You can use balancer manager to change the balance factor or a particular member, or put it in the off line mode.

Thus, in order to get the ability of load balancer management, mod_status和mod_proxy_balancer have to be present in the server.

To enable load balancer management for browsers from the foo.com domain add this code to your httpd.conf configuration file

    <Location /balancer-manager>

    SetHandler balancer-manager

    Order Deny,Allow

    Deny from all

    Allow from .foo.com

    </Location>

You can now access load balancer manager by using a Web browser to access the page http://your.server.name/balancer-manager