Apache模块 mod_autoindex

概述

The index of a directory can come from one of two sources:

• A file written by the user, typically called index.html. The DirectoryIndex directive sets the name of this file. This is controlled by mod_dir.
• Otherwise, a listing generated by the server. The other directives control the format of this listing. The AddIcon, AddIconByEncoding和AddIconByType are used to set a list of icons to display for various file types; for each file listed, the first icon listed that matches the file is displayed. These are controlled by mod_autoindex.

The two functions are separated so that you can completely remove (or replace) automatic index generation should you want to.

Automatic index generation is enabled with using Options +Indexes. See the Options directive for more details.

If the FancyIndexing option is given with the IndexOptions directive, the column headers are links that control the order of the display. If you select a header link, the listing will be regenerated, sorted by the values in that column. Selecting the same header repeatedly toggles between ascending and descending order. These column header links are suppressed with IndexOptions directive's SuppressColumnSorting option.

Note that when the display is sorted by "Size", it's the actual size of the files that's used, not the displayed value - so a 1010-byte file will always be displayed before a 1011-byte file (if in ascending order) even though they both are shown as "1K".

Autoindex Request Query Arguments

Apache 2.0.23 reorganized the Query Arguments for Column Sorting, and introduced an entire group of new query options. To effectively eliminate all client control over the output, the IndexOptions IgnoreClient option was introduced.

The column sorting headers themselves are self-referencing hyperlinks that add the sort query options shown below. Any option below may be added to any request for the directory resource.

• C=N sorts the directory by file name
• C=M sorts the directory by last-modified date, then file name
• C=S sorts the directory by size, then file name
• C=D sorts the directory by description, then file name
• O=A sorts the listing in Ascending Order
• O=D sorts the listing in Descending Order
• F=0 formats the listing as a simple list (not FancyIndexed)
• F=1 formats the listing as a FancyIndexed list
• F=2 formats the listing as an HTMLTable FancyIndexed list
• V=0 disables version sorting
• V=1 enables version sorting
• P=pattern lists only files matching the given pattern

Note that the 'P'attern query argument is tested after the usual IndexIgnore directives are processed, and all file names are still subjected to the same criteria as any other autoindex listing. The Query Arguments parser in mod_autoindex will stop abruptly when an unrecognized option is encountered. The Query Arguments must be well formed, according to the table above.

The simple example below, which can be clipped and saved in a header.html file, illustrates these query options. Note that the unknown "X" argument, for the submit button, is listed last to assure the arguments are all parsed before mod_autoindex encounters the X=Go input.

      <form action="" method="get">

 Show me a <select name="F">

 <option value="0"> Plain list</option>

          <option value="1" selected="selected"> Fancy list</option>

          <option value="2"> Table list</option> 
        </select>

        Sorted by <select name="C">

 <option value="N" selected="selected"> Name</option>

          <option value="M"> Date Modified</option>

          <option value="S"> Size</option>

          <option value="D"> Description</option> 
        </select>

        <select name="O">

 <option value="A" selected="selected"> Ascending</option>

          <option value="D"> Descending</option> 
        </select>

        <select name="V">

 <option value="0" selected="selected"> in Normal order</option>

          <option value="1"> in Version order</option> 
        </select>

        Matching <input type="text" name="P" value="*" />

        <input type="submit" name="X" value="Go" /> 
      </form>

AddAlt 指令

AddAlt provides the alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon, for FancyIndexing. File is a file extension, partial filename, wild-card expression or full filename for files to describe. If String contains any whitespace, you have to enclose it in quotes ("或'). This alternate text is displayed if the client is image-incapable, has image loading disabled, or fails to retrieve the icon.

例子

      AddAlt "PDF file" *.pdf

      AddAlt Compressed *.gz *.zip *.Z

AddAltByEncoding 指令

AddAltByEncoding provides the alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon, for FancyIndexing. MIME-encoding is a valid content-encoding, such as x-compress. If String contains any whitespace, you have to enclose it in quotes ("或'). This alternate text is displayed if the client is image-incapable, has image loading disabled, or fails to retrieve the icon.

示例

      AddAltByEncoding gzip x-gzip

AddAltByType 指令

AddAltByType sets the alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon, for FancyIndexing. MIME-type is a valid content-type, such as text/html. If String contains any whitespace, you have to enclose it in quotes ("或'). This alternate text is displayed if the client is image-incapable, has image loading disabled, or fails to retrieve the icon.

示例

      AddAltByType 'plain text' text/plain

AddDescription 指令

This sets the description to display for a file, for FancyIndexing. File is a file extension, partial filename, wild-card expression or full filename for files to describe. String is enclosed in double quotes (").

示例

      AddDescription "The planet Mars" /web/pics/mars.gif

The typical, default description field is 23 bytes wide. 6 more bytes are added by the IndexOptions SuppressIcon option, 7 bytes are added by the IndexOptions SuppressSize option, and 19 bytes are added by the IndexOptions SuppressLastModified option. Therefore, the widest default the description column is ever assigned is 55 bytes.

See the DescriptionWidth IndexOptions keyword for details on overriding the size of this column, or allowing descriptions of unlimited length.

Caution

Descriptive text defined with AddDescription may contain HTML markup, such as tags and character entities. If the width of the description column should happen to truncate a tagged element (such as cutting off the end of a bolded phrase), the results may affect the rest of the directory listing.

AddIcon 指令

This sets the icon to display next to a file ending in name for FancyIndexing. Icon is either a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon, or of the format (alttext, url) where alttext is the text tag given for an icon for non-graphical browsers.

Name is either ^^DIRECTORY^^ for directories, ^^BLANKICON^^ for blank lines (to format the list correctly), a file extension, a wildcard expression, a partial filename or a complete filename.

例子

      AddIcon (IMG,/icons/image.xbm) .gif .jpg .xbm

      AddIcon /icons/dir.xbm ^^DIRECTORY^^

      AddIcon /icons/backup.xbm *~

AddIconByType should be used in preference to AddIcon, when possible.

AddIconByEncoding 指令

This sets the icon to display next to files with FancyIndexing. Icon is either a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon, or of the format (alttext, url) where alttext is the text tag given for an icon for non-graphical browsers.

MIME-encoding is a wildcard expression matching required the content-encoding.

示例

      AddIconByEncoding /icons/compress.xbm x-compress

AddIconByType 指令

This sets the icon to display next to files of type MIME-type for FancyIndexing. Icon is either a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon, or of the format (alttext, url) where alttext is the text tag given for an icon for non-graphical browsers.

MIME-type is a wildcard expression matching required the mime types.

示例

      AddIconByType (IMG,/icons/image.xbm) image/*

DefaultIcon 指令

DefaultIcon directive sets the icon to display for files when no specific icon is known, for FancyIndexing. Url-path is a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon.

示例

      DefaultIcon /icon/unknown.xbm

HeaderName 指令

HeaderName directive sets the name of the file that will be inserted at the top of the index listing. Filename is the name of the file to include.

示例

      HeaderName HEADER.html

Both HeaderName and ReadmeName now treat Filename as a URI path relative to the one used to access the directory being indexed. If Filename begins with a slash, it will be taken to be relative to the DocumentRoot.

示例

        HeaderName /include/HEADER.html

Filename must resolve to a document with a major content type of text/* (例如，text/html, text/plain, etc.). This means that filename may refer to a CGI script if the script's actual file type (as opposed to its output) is marked as text/html such as with a directive like:

        AddType text/html .cgi

Content negotiation will be performed if Options MultiViews is in effect. If filename resolves to a static text/html document (not a CGI script) and either one of the options Includes或IncludesNOEXEC is enabled, the file will be processed for server-side includes (see the mod_include documentation).

If the file specified by HeaderName contains the beginnings of an HTML document (<html>, <head>, etc.) then you will probably want to set IndexOptions +SuppressHTMLPreamble, so that these tags are not repeated.

IndexIgnore 指令

IndexIgnore directive adds to the list of files to hide when listing a directory. File is a shell-style wildcard expression or full filename. Multiple IndexIgnore directives add to the list, rather than the replacing the list of ignored files. By default, the list contains . (the current directory).

      IndexIgnore README .htaccess *.bak *~

IndexOptions 指令

IndexOptions directive specifies the behavior of the directory indexing. Option can be one of

DescriptionWidth=[n | *] (Apache 2.0.23 and later)

The DescriptionWidth keyword allows you to specify the width of the description column in characters.

-DescriptionWidth (or unset) allows mod_autoindex to calculate the best width.

DescriptionWidth=n fixes the column width to n bytes wide.

DescriptionWidth=* grows the column to the width necessary to accommodate the longest description string.

See the section on AddDescription for dangers inherent in truncating descriptions.

FancyIndexing

This turns on fancy indexing of directories.

FoldersFirst (Apache 2.0.23 and later)

If this option is enabled, subdirectory listings will always appear first, followed by normal files in the directory. The listing is basically broken into two components, the files and the subdirectories, and each is sorted separately and then displayed subdirectories-first. For instance, if the sort order is descending by name, and FoldersFirst is enabled, subdirectory Zed will be listed before subdirectory Beta, which will be listed before normal files Gamma和Alpha. This option only has an effect if FancyIndexing is also enabled.

HTMLTable (Experimental, Apache 2.0.23 and later)

This experimental option with FancyIndexing constructs a simple table for the fancy directory listing. Note this will confuse older browsers. It is particularly necessary if file names or description text will alternate between left-to-right and right-to-left reading order, as can happen on WinNT or other utf-8 enabled platforms.

IconsAreLinks

This makes the icons part of the anchor for the filename, for fancy indexing.

IconHeight[=pixels]

Presence of this option, when used with IconWidth, will cause the server to include height和width attributes in the img tag for the file icon. This allows browser to precalculate the page layout without having to wait until all the images have been loaded. If no value is given for the option, it defaults to the standard height of the icons supplied with the Apache software.

IconWidth[=pixels]

Presence of this option, when used with IconHeight, will cause the server to include height和width attributes in the img tag for the file icon. This allows browser to precalculate the page layout without having to wait until all the images have been loaded. If no value is given for the option, it defaults to the standard width of the icons supplied with the Apache software.

IgnoreCase

If this option is enabled, names are sorted in a case-insensitive manner. For instance, if the sort order is ascending by name, and IgnoreCase is enabled, file Zeta will be listed after file alfa (Note: file GAMMA will always be listed before file gamma).

IgnoreClient

This option causes mod_autoindex to ignore all query variables from the client, including sort order (implies SuppressColumnSorting.)

NameWidth=[n | *]

The NameWidth keyword allows you to specify the width of the filename column in bytes.

-NameWidth (or unset) allows mod_autoindex to calculate the best width.

NameWidth=n fixes the column width to n bytes wide.

NameWidth=* grows the column to the necessary width.

ScanHTMLTitles

This enables the extraction of the title from HTML documents for fancy indexing. If the file does not have a description given by AddDescription then httpd will read the document for the value of the title element. This is CPU and disk intensive.

ShowForbidden

If specified, Apache will show files normally hidden because the subrequest returned HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED or HTTP_FORBIDDEN

SuppressColumnSorting

If specified, Apache will not make the column headings in a FancyIndexed directory listing into links for sorting. The default behavior is for them to be links; selecting the column heading will sort the directory listing by the values in that column. Prior to Apache 2.0.23, this also disabled parsing the Query Arguments for the sort string. That behavior is now controlled by IndexOptions IgnoreClient in Apache 2.0.23.

SuppressDescription

This will suppress the file description in fancy indexing listings. By default, no file descriptions are defined, and so the use of this option will regain 23 characters of screen space to use for something else. See AddDescription for information about setting the file description. See also the DescriptionWidth index option to limit the size of the description column.

SuppressHTMLPreamble

If the directory actually contains a file specified by the HeaderName directive, the module usually includes the contents of the file after a standard HTML preamble (<html>, <head>, et cetera). The SuppressHTMLPreamble option disables this behaviour, causing the module to start the display with the header file contents. The header file must contain appropriate HTML instructions in this case. If there is no header file, the preamble is generated as usual.

SuppressIcon (Apache 2.0.23 and later)

This will suppress the icon in fancy indexing listings. Combining both SuppressIcon和SuppressRules yields proper HTML 3.2 output, which by the final specification prohibits img和hr elements from the pre block (used to format FancyIndexed listings.)

SuppressLastModified

This will suppress the display of the last modification date, in fancy indexing listings.

SuppressRules (Apache 2.0.23 and later)

This will suppress the horizontal rule lines (hr elements) in directory listings. Combining both SuppressIcon和SuppressRules yields proper HTML 3.2 output, which by the final specification prohibits img和hr elements from the pre block (used to format FancyIndexed listings.)

SuppressSize

This will suppress the file size in fancy indexing listings.

TrackModified (Apache 2.0.23 and later)

This returns the Last-Modified and ETag values for the listed directory in the HTTP header. It is only valid if the operating system and file system return appropriate stat() results. Some Unix systems do so, as do OS2's JFS and Win32's NTFS volumes. OS2 and Win32 FAT volumes, for example, do not. Once this feature is enabled, the client or proxy can track changes to the list of files when they perform a HEAD request. Note some operating systems correctly track new and removed files, but do not track changes for sizes or dates of the files within the directory. Changes to the size or date stamp of an existing file will not update the Last-Modified header on all Unix platforms. If this is a concern, leave this option disabled.

VersionSort (Apache 2.0a3 and later)

The VersionSort keyword causes files containing version numbers to sort in a natural way. Strings are sorted as usual, except that substrings of digits in the name and description are compared according to their numeric value.

示例：

        foo-1.7

        foo-1.7.2

        foo-1.7.12

        foo-1.8.2

        foo-1.8.2a

        foo-1.12

If the number starts with a zero, then it is considered to be a fraction:

        foo-1.001

        foo-1.002

        foo-1.030

        foo-1.04

XHTML (Apache 2.0.49 and later)

The XHTML keyword forces mod_autoindex to emit XHTML 1.0 code instead of HTML 3.2.

Incremental IndexOptions

Apache 1.3.3 introduced some significant changes in the handling of IndexOptions directives. In particular:

• Multiple IndexOptions directives for a single directory are now merged together. The result of:

         <Directory /foo>
         IndexOptions HTMLTable
  
           IndexOptions SuppressColumnsorting 
         </Directory>
  

  will be the equivalent of

         IndexOptions HTMLTable SuppressColumnsorting
  

• The addition of the incremental syntax (i.e., prefixing keywords with +或-).

Whenever a '+' or '-' prefixed keyword is encountered, it is applied to the current IndexOptions settings (which may have been inherited from an upper-level directory). However, whenever an unprefixed keyword is processed, it clears all inherited options and any incremental settings encountered so far. Consider the following example:

       IndexOptions +ScanHTMLTitles -IconsAreLinks FancyIndexing

       IndexOptions +SuppressSize

The net effect is equivalent to IndexOptions FancyIndexing +SuppressSize, because the unprefixed FancyIndexing discarded the incremental keywords before it, but allowed them to start accumulating again afterward.

To unconditionally set the IndexOptions for a particular directory, clearing the inherited settings, specify keywords without any +或- prefixes.

IndexOrderDefault 指令

IndexOrderDefault directive is used in combination with the FancyIndexing index option. By default, fancyindexed directory listings are displayed in ascending order by filename; the IndexOrderDefault allows you to change this initial display order.

IndexOrderDefault takes two arguments. The first must be either Ascending或Descending, indicating the direction of the sort. The second argument must be one of the keywords Name, Date, Size, or Description, and identifies the primary key. The secondary key is always the ascending filename.

You can force a directory listing to only be displayed in a particular order by combining this directive with the SuppressColumnSorting index option; this will prevent the client from requesting the directory listing in a different order.

IndexStyleSheet 指令

IndexStyleSheet directive sets the name of the file that will be used as the CSS for the index listing.

示例

      IndexStyleSheet "/css/style.css"

ReadmeName 指令

ReadmeName directive sets the name of the file that will be appended to the end of the index listing. Filename is the name of the file to include, and is taken to be relative to the location being indexed. If Filename begins with a slash, it will be taken to be relative to the DocumentRoot.

示例

      ReadmeName FOOTER.html

Example 2

      ReadmeName /include/FOOTER.html

See also HeaderName, where this behavior is described in greater detail.