16.6 实例应用
首先,需要创建一个图表,我们创建一个时序图,代码如下:
XYDataset dataset = createDataset();
JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createTimeSeriesChart(
"Legal & General Unit Trust Prices",
"Date",
"Price Per Unit",
dataset,
true,
true,
false
);
这里没有任何的特殊代码——事实上,我们可以使用创建JFreeChart的其他对象替代上面的代码。
下一步,我们将在一个PDF文件中保存一个图表的副本:
File fileName = new File(System.getProperty("user.home") + "/jfreechart1.pdf");
saveChartAsPDF(fileName, chart, 400, 300, new DefaultFontMapper());
下面有一些需要注意的问题:
首先,PDF文件名称是硬编码完成的,不能修改。主要是在演示中,减少代码量。在实际应用中,我们需要提供一些让用户指定文件名称与路径的方式,比如弹出一个文件选择对话框。
其次,saveChartAsPDF()方法还未实现。为了创建这个方法,我们先创建另一个更通用的writeChartAsPDF().方法。该方法执行saveChartAsPDF()方法需要的全部工作。但该方法的输入参数是一个文件输出流而不是一个文件,代码如下:
public static void writeChartAsPDF(OutputStream out, JFreeChart chart,
int width, int height, FontMapper mapper) throws IOException {
Rectangle pagesize = new Rectangle(width, height);
Document document = new Document(pagesize, 50, 50, 50, 50);
try {
PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, out);
document.addAuthor("JFreeChart");
document.addSubject("Demonstration");
document.open();
PdfContentByte cb = writer.getDirectContent();
PdfTemplate tp = cb.createTemplate(width, height);
Graphics2D g2 = tp.createGraphics(width, height, mapper);
Rectangle2D r2D = new Rectangle2D.Double(0, 0, width, height);
chart.draw(g2, r2D);
g2.dispose();
cb.addTemplate(tp, 0, 0);
} catch (DocumentException de) {
System.err.println(de.getMessage());
}
document.close();
}
在上面代码的方法里面,我们看到一些创建和代码iText文档的代码,从文档中获得了一个Graphics2D实例,使用Graphics2D对象画出这个图表,并关闭了这个文档。
同时我们也注意到方法的一个参数是FontMapper对象。iText使用FontMapper接口将java字体对象映射成基本的字体对象。DefaultFontMapper类预先默认映射为java本地化字体。如果你希望用这些字体,使用DefaultFontMapper构建缺省的对象即可,如果你相使用其他的字体(例如,支持一个特殊的字符集),那么我们需要做一些额外的工作。本章后面将有介绍。
在writeChartAsPDF()方法的实现里面,我们创建了一个自定义页面尺寸大小(匹配字符的需要尺寸)的PDF文档。我们提前设置了改变了字符的尺寸、位置并且在PDF文档中画出多个字符,以适应不同的页面尺寸。
现在我们将使用saveChartAsPDF()方法很容易的实现了将一个PDF数据发送到一个数据流上。建化了创建文件输出流的过程,并且将该对象传给了writeChartAsPDF()方法。代码如下:
public static void saveChartAsPDF(File file, JFreeChart chart, int width,
int height, FontMapper mapper) throws IOException {
OutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
writeChartAsPDF(out, chart, width, height, mapper);
out.close();
}
上面的每一步代码都是必须的。上面的代码组合成全部的代码如下(整个工程的代码都在这里,以便我们可以看到所有的声明和内容):
package demo;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory;
import org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart;
import org.jfree.chart.axis.DateAxis;
import org.jfree.chart.plot.XYPlot;
import org.jfree.chart.renderer.xy.XYLineAndShapeRenderer;
import org.jfree.data.time.Month;
import org.jfree.data.time.TimeSeries;
import org.jfree.data.time.TimeSeriesCollection;
import org.jfree.data.xy.XYDataset;
import com.lowagie.text.Document;
import com.lowagie.text.DocumentException;
import com.lowagie.text.Rectangle;
import com.lowagie.text.pdf.DefaultFontMapper;
import com.lowagie.text.pdf.FontMapper;
import com.lowagie.text.pdf.PdfContentByte;
import com.lowagie.text.pdf.PdfTemplate;
import com.lowagie.text.pdf.PdfWriter;
/**
* A simple demonstration showing how to write a chart to PDF format using
* JFreeChart and iText.
* <P>
* You can download iText from http://www.lowagie.com/iText.
*/
public class PDFExportDemo1 {
/**
* Saves a chart to a PDF file.
*
* @param file
* the file.
* @param chart
* the chart.
* @param width
* the chart width.
* @param height
* the chart height.
*/
public static void saveChartAsPDF(File file, JFreeChart chart, int width,
int height, FontMapper mapper) throws IOException {
OutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
writeChartAsPDF(out, chart, width, height, mapper);
out.close();
}
/**
* Writes a chart to an output stream in PDF format.
*
* @param out
* the output stream.
* @param chart
* the chart.
* @param width
* the chart width.
* @param height
* the chart height.
*
*/
public static void writeChartAsPDF(OutputStream out, JFreeChart chart,
int width, int height, FontMapper mapper) throws IOException {
Rectangle pagesize = new Rectangle(width, height);
Document document = new Document(pagesize, 50, 50, 50, 50);
try {
PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, out);
document.addAuthor("JFreeChart");
document.addSubject("Demonstration");
document.open();
PdfContentByte cb = writer.getDirectContent();
PdfTemplate tp = cb.createTemplate(width, height);
Graphics2D g2 = tp.createGraphics(width, height, mapper);
Rectangle2D r2D = new Rectangle2D.Double(0, 0, width, height);
chart.draw(g2, r2D);
g2.dispose();
cb.addTemplate(tp, 0, 0);
} catch (DocumentException de) {
System.err.println(de.getMessage());
}
document.close();
}
/**
* Creates a dataset, consisting of two series of monthly data. * *
*
* @return the dataset.
*/
public static XYDataset createDataset() {
TimeSeries s1 = new TimeSeries("L&G European Index Trust", Month.class);
s1.add(new Month(2, 2001), 181.8);
s1.add(new Month(3, 2001), 167.3);
s1.add(new Month(4, 2001), 153.8);
s1.add(new Month(5, 2001), 167.6);
s1.add(new Month(6, 2001), 158.8);
s1.add(new Month(7, 2001), 148.3);
s1.add(new Month(8, 2001), 153.9);
s1.add(new Month(9, 2001), 142.7);
s1.add(new Month(10, 2001), 123.2);
s1.add(new Month(11, 2001), 131.8);
s1.add(new Month(12, 2001), 139.6);
s1.add(new Month(1, 2002), 142.9);
s1.add(new Month(2, 2002), 138.7);
s1.add(new Month(3, 2002), 137.3);
s1.add(new Month(4, 2002), 143.9);
s1.add(new Month(5, 2002), 139.8);
s1.add(new Month(6, 2002), 137.0);
s1.add(new Month(7, 2002), 132.8);
TimeSeries s2 = new TimeSeries("L&G UK Index Trust", Month.class);
s2.add(new Month(2, 2001), 129.6);
s2.add(new Month(3, 2001), 123.2);
s2.add(new Month(4, 2001), 117.2);
s2.add(new Month(5, 2001), 124.1);
s2.add(new Month(6, 2001), 122.6);
s2.add(new Month(7, 2001), 119.2);
s2.add(new Month(8, 2001), 116.5);
s2.add(new Month(9, 2001), 112.7);
s2.add(new Month(10, 2001), 101.5);
s2.add(new Month(11, 2001), 106.1);
s2.add(new Month(12, 2001), 110.3);
s2.add(new Month(1, 2002), 111.7);
s2.add(new Month(2, 2002), 111.0);
s2.add(new Month(3, 2002), 109.6);
s2.add(new Month(4, 2002), 113.2);
s2.add(new Month(5, 2002), 111.6);
s2.add(new Month(6, 2002), 108.8);
s2.add(new Month(7, 2002), 101.6);
TimeSeriesCollection dataset = new TimeSeriesCollection();
dataset.addSeries(s1);
dataset.addSeries(s2);
return dataset;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// create a chart...
XYDataset dataset = createDataset();
JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createTimeSeriesChart(
"Legal & General Unit Trust Prices", "Date",
"Price Per Unit", dataset, true, true, false);
// some additional chart customisation here...
XYPlot plot = chart.getXYPlot();
XYLineAndShapeRenderer renderer = (XYLineAndShapeRenderer) plot
.getRenderer();
renderer.setShapesVisible(true);
DateAxis axis = (DateAxis) plot.getDomainAxis();
axis.setDateFormatOverride(new SimpleDateFormat("MMM-yyyy"));
// write the chart to a PDF file...
File fileName = new File(System.getProperty("user.home")
+ "/jfreechart1.pdf");
System.out.println(fileName.getPath());
saveChartAsPDF(fileName, chart, 400, 300, new DefaultFontMapper());
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
}
在你完成和运行上面的应用之前,记得修改PDF文件的名称以满足我们的要求。同时前面16.5节提到的jar也必须在我们的classpath中。.