日志打点一直是个调试最头疼的问题。如果直接在代码中插入埋点代码,不仅侵入性强而且工作量大也不够灵活,要是能做到智能打点就好了,koa-await-breakpoint 正是我们需要的。
6.1.1 什么是 koa-await-breakpoint?
koa-await-breakpoint 是一个 Koa 的中间件,是一个在 routes/controllers 里(作用域包含 ctx)的 await 表达式前后自动打点的工具,不用插入一行日志打点代码,只需要在引入时配置一下,就可以记录每个请求到来时 await 表达式前后的现场,例如:
- await 表达式所在的文件及行列号(filename)。
- await 表达式是执行的第几步(step)。
- await 表达式字符串形式(fn)。
- 执行 await 表达式所花费的毫秒(take)。
- 执行 await 表达式的结果(result)。
- 当前请求的 ctx。
使用方法如下:
// On top of the main file
const koaAwaitBreakpoint = require('koa-await-breakpoint')({
name: 'api',
files: ['./routes/*.js']
})
const Koa = require('koa')
const app = new Koa()
// Generally, above other middlewares
app.use(koaAwaitBreakpoint)
...
app.listen(3000)
6.1.2 实现原理
重载 Module.prototype._compile,相当于 hack 了 require,如果发现是 require 了配置里指定的文件,则进行下一步,否则返回原始代码的内容,相关源代码如下:
shimmer.wrap(Module.prototype, '_compile', function (__compile) { return function koaBreakpointCompile(content, filename) { if (!_.includes(filenames, filename)) { return __compile.call(this, content, filename); } ... }; });
用 esprima 解析代码,生成 AST。例如:
const Mongolass = require('mongolass') const mongolass = new Mongolass('mongodb://localhost:27017/test') const User = mongolass.model('users') exports.getUsers = async function getUsers(ctx) { await User.create({ name: 'xx', age: 18 }) const users = await User.find() return users }
会生成如下 AST,只截取了
await User.create(...)
相关的 AST:Script { ... AwaitExpression { type: 'AwaitExpression', argument: CallExpression { type: 'CallExpression', callee: StaticMemberExpression { type: 'MemberExpression', computed: false, object: Identifier { type: 'Identifier', name: 'User', loc: { start: { line: 6, column: 10 }, end: { line: 6, column: 14 } } }, property: Identifier { type: 'Identifier', name: 'create', loc: { start: { line: 6, column: 15 }, end: { line: 6, column: 21 } } }, loc: { start: { line: 6, column: 10 }, end: { line: 6, column: 21 } } }, arguments: [ ObjectExpression { type: 'ObjectExpression', properties: [ Property { type: 'Property', key: Identifier { type: 'Identifier', name: 'name', loc: { start: { line: 7, column: 6 }, end: { line: 7, column: 10 } } }, computed: false, value: Literal { type: 'Literal', value: 'xx', raw: '\'xx\'', loc: { start: { line: 7, column: 12 }, end: { line: 7, column: 16 } } }, kind: 'init', method: false, shorthand: false, loc: { start: { line: 7, column: 6 }, end: { line: 7, column: 16 } } }, Property { type: 'Property', key: Identifier { type: 'Identifier', name: 'age', loc: { start: { line: 8, column: 6 }, end: { line: 8, column: 9 } } }, computed: false, value: Literal { type: 'Literal', value: 18, raw: '18', loc: { start: { line: 8, column: 11 }, end: { line: 8, column: 13 } } }, kind: 'init', method: false, shorthand: false, loc: { start: { line: 8, column: 6 }, end: { line: 8, column: 13 } } } ], loc: { start: { line: 6, column: 22 }, end: { line: 9, column: 5 } } } ], loc: { start: { line: 6, column: 10 }, end: { line: 9, column: 6 } } }, loc: { start: { line: 6, column: 4 }, end: { line: 9, column: 6 } } }, ...
遍历找到 awaitExpression 节点,进行以下包装后生成 AST,替换掉原来的节点。
global.logger( (typeof ctx !== 'undefined' ? ctx : this), function(){ return awaitExpression }, awaitExpressionString, filename )
相关源代码如下:
findAwaitAndWrapLogger(parsedCodes) try { content = escodegen.generate(parsedCodes, { format: { indent: { style: ' ' } }, sourceMap: filename, sourceMapWithCode: true }) } catch (e) { console.error('cannot generate code for file: %s', filename) console.error(e.stack) process.exit(1) } debug('file %s regenerate codes:\n%s', filename, content.code)
findAwaitAndWrapLogger 的作用就是遍历 AST,将 awaitExpression 替换成用日志函数包裹后新的 awaitExpression 的 AST。最后用 escodegen 将 AST 生成代码(支持 soucemap,所以错误栈对应的行数是正确的)。
核心:每个请求到来时,生成一个 requestId(可自定义,默认为 uuid)挂载到 ctx 上,这样就可以通过 requestId 将日志串起来了。
特点:可以记录每个请求的每一步(await 表达式)的现场及返回值,方便查日志。
6.1.3 使用 koa-await-breakpoint
测试代码如下:
app.js
const koaAwaitBreakpoint = require('koa-await-breakpoint')({
name: 'api',
files: ['./routes/*.js']
})
const Paloma = require('paloma')
const app = new Paloma()
const userRouter = require('./routes/user')
app.use(koaAwaitBreakpoint)
app.route({ method: 'GET', path: '/users', controller: userRouter.getUsers })
app.listen(3000)
routes/user.js
const Mongolass = require('mongolass')
const mongolass = new Mongolass('mongodb://localhost:27017/test')
const User = mongolass.model('users')
exports.getUsers = async function getUsers (ctx) {
await User.create({
name: 'xx',
age: 18
})
const users = await User.find()
ctx.body = users
}
运行:
$ DEBUG=koa-await-breakpoint node app.js
终端打印出转换后的代码,可以看出 routes/users.js 被转换成了:
const Mongolass = require('mongolass');
const mongolass = new Mongolass('mongodb://localhost:27017/test');
const User = mongolass.model('users');
exports.getUsers = async function getUsers(ctx) {
await global.logger(typeof ctx !== 'undefined' ? ctx : this, function () {
return User.create({
name: 'xx',
age: 18
});
}, 'User.create({\n name: \'xx\',\n age: 18\n})', '/Users/nswbmw/Desktop/test/routes/user.js:6:2');
const users = await global.logger(typeof ctx !== 'undefined' ? ctx : this, function () {
return User.find();
}, 'User.find()', '/Users/nswbmw/Desktop/test/routes/user.js:11:16');
ctx.body = users;
};
访问 localhost:3000/users,终端打印出:
{"name":"api","requestId":"50dbda0c-9e13-4659-acce-b237bc5178b7","timestamp":"2018-02-26T06:31:31.100Z","this":...,"type":"start","step":1,"take":0}
{"name":"api","requestId":"50dbda0c-9e13-4659-acce-b237bc5178b7","step":2,"filename":"/Users/nswbmw/Desktop/test/routes/user.js:6:2","timestamp":"2018-02-26T06:31:31.104Z","this":...,"type":"beforeAwait","fn":"User.create({\n name: 'xx',\n age: 18\n})","take":4}
{"name":"api","requestId":"50dbda0c-9e13-4659-acce-b237bc5178b7","step":3,"filename":"/Users/nswbmw/Desktop/test/routes/user.js:6:2","timestamp":"2018-02-26T06:31:31.175Z","this":...,"type":"afterAwait","fn":"User.create({\n name: 'xx',\n age: 18\n})","result":{"result":{"ok":1,"n":1},"ops":[{"name":"xx","age":18,"_id":"5a93a9c3cf8c8797c9b47482"}],"insertedCount":1,"insertedIds":["5a93a9c3cf8c8797c9b47482"]},"take":71}
{"name":"api","requestId":"50dbda0c-9e13-4659-acce-b237bc5178b7","step":4,"filename":"/Users/nswbmw/Desktop/test/routes/user.js:11:16","timestamp":"2018-02-26T06:31:31.175Z","this":...,"type":"beforeAwait","fn":"User.find()","take":0}
{"name":"api","requestId":"50dbda0c-9e13-4659-acce-b237bc5178b7","step":5,"filename":"/Users/nswbmw/Desktop/test/routes/user.js:11:16","timestamp":"2018-02-26T06:31:31.180Z","this":...,"type":"afterAwait","fn":"User.find()","result":[{"_id":"5a93a9c3cf8c8797c9b47482","name":"xx","age":18}],"take":5}
{"name":"api","requestId":"50dbda0c-9e13-4659-acce-b237bc5178b7","timestamp":"2018-02-26T06:31:31.181Z","this":...,"type":"end","step":6,"take":1}
注意:type 是以下其中一种,take 的单位是 ms。
- start:请求到来时第 1 次打点。
- beforeAwait:上一个 awaitExpression 之后到这一个 awaitExpression 之前。
- afterAwait:这个 awaitExpression 开始到结束。
- error:错误日志,包含了错误信息。
- end:请求结束时打点。
6.1.4 自定义日志存储
store 参数最好自己定义(默认打印日志到 stdout),该参数是一个对象并且有一个 save 方法即可。在 save 方法内可做一些逻辑修改或者日志策略,比如:
- 添加日志标识(例如:name)方便区分不同服务的日志。
- 针对错误日志,添加一些额外字段方便追踪现场。
- 将日志发送到 Logstash 或其他日志服务。
- 限制日志频率,比如:只有响应时间大于 500ms 的请求日志才会被记录。
koa_await_breakpoint_store.js
exports.save = function save(record, ctx) {
record.name = 'app name'
record.env = process.env.NODE_ENV
if (record.error) {
record.error = {
message: record.error.message,
stack: record.error.stack,
status: record.error.status || record.error.statusCode || 500
}
}
...
logstash.send(record)
}
6.1.5 参考链接
上一节:5.2 Elastic APM
下一节:6.2 async_hooks