14.12. 子查询
对于支持子查询的数据库,Hibernate支持在查询中使用子查询。一个子查询必须被圆括号包围起来(经常是SQL聚集函数的圆括号)。 甚至相互关联的子查询(引用到外部查询中的别名的子查询)也是允许的。
from Cat as fatcat
where fatcat.weight > (
select avg(cat.weight) from DomesticCat cat
)
from DomesticCat as cat
where cat.name = some (
select name.nickName from Name as name
)
from Cat as cat
where not exists (
from Cat as mate where mate.mate = cat
)
from DomesticCat as cat
where cat.name not in (
select name.nickName from Name as name
)
select cat.id, (select max(kit.weight) from cat.kitten kit)
from Cat as cat
注意,HQL自查询只可以在select或者where子句中出现。
在select列表中包含一个表达式以上的子查询,你可以使用一个元组构造符(tuple constructors):
from Cat as cat
where not ( cat.name, cat.color ) in (
select cat.name, cat.color from DomesticCat cat
)
注意在某些数据库中(不包括Oracle与HSQL),你也可以在其他语境中使用元组构造符, 比如查询用户类型的组件与组合:
from Person where name = ('Gavin', 'A', 'King')
该查询等价于更复杂的:
from Person where name.first = 'Gavin' and name.initial = 'A' and name.last = 'King')
有两个很好的理由使你不应当作这样的事情:首先,它不完全适用于各个数据库平台;其次,查询现在依赖于映射文件中属性的顺序。