JOGL 3D图形 - JOGL教程
在本章中，让我们来学习如何处理3D图形。
绘制3D线
让我们绘制与z轴成简单的线，看到2D和3D线之间的差值。先画一条简单的直线，再画第二条线3个单元到窗口中。
让我们通过程序来绘制3D线：
import javax.media.opengl.GL2;
import javax.media.opengl.GLAutoDrawable;
import javax.media.opengl.GLCapabilities;
import javax.media.opengl.GLEventListener;
import javax.media.opengl.GLProfile;
import javax.media.opengl.awt.GLCanvas;
import javax.media.opengl.glu.GLU;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
public class Line3d implements GLEventListener{
private GLU glu = new GLU();
@Override
public void display( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) {
final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
gl.glTranslatef( 0f, 0f, -2.5f );
gl.glBegin( GL2.GL_LINES );
gl.glVertex3f( -0.75f,0f,0 );
gl.glVertex3f( 0f,-0.75f, 0 );
gl.glEnd();
//3d line
gl.glBegin( GL2.GL_LINES );
gl.glVertex3f( -0.75f,0f,3f );// 3 units into the window
gl.glVertex3f( 0f,-0.75f,3f );
gl.glEnd();
}
@Override
public void dispose( GLAutoDrawable arg0 ) {
//method body
}
@Override
public void init( GLAutoDrawable arg0 ) {
// method body
}
@Override
public void reshape( GLAutoDrawable drawable, int x, int y, int width, int height ) {
GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
if( height <=0 )
height =1;
final float h = ( float ) width / ( float ) height;
gl.glViewport( 0, 0, width, height );
gl.glMatrixMode( GL2.GL_PROJECTION );
gl.glLoadIdentity();
glu.gluPerspective( 45.0f, h, 1.0, 20.0 );
gl.glMatrixMode( GL2.GL_MODELVIEW );
gl.glLoadIdentity();
}
public static void main( String[] args ) {
//getting the capabilities object of GL2 profile
final GLProfile profile = GLProfile.get( GLProfile.GL2 );
GLCapabilities capabilities = new GLCapabilities( profile );
// The canvas
final GLCanvas glcanvas = new GLCanvas( capabilities );
Line3d line3d = new Line3d();
glcanvas.addGLEventListener( line3d );
glcanvas.setSize( 400, 400 );
//creating frame
final JFrame frame = new JFrame (" 3d line");
//adding canvas to it
frame.getContentPane().add( glcanvas );
frame.setSize( frame.getContentPane().getPreferredSize() );
frame.setVisible( true );
}//end of main
}//end of class
当编译并执行上述程序，将生成以下输出：
3D形状可以通过glVertex3f()方法，该方法产生上述观点的Z-象限赋予非零值绘制。现在加入剩余行会导致一个三维边缘。
程序开发3D优势：
import javax.media.opengl.GL2;
import javax.media.opengl.GLAutoDrawable;
import javax.media.opengl.GLCapabilities;
import javax.media.opengl.GLEventListener;
import javax.media.opengl.GLProfile;
import javax.media.opengl.awt.GLCanvas;
import javax.media.opengl.glu.GLU;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
public class Edge1 implements GLEventListener{
private GLU glu = new GLU();
@Override
public void display(GLAutoDrawable drawable) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
gl.glTranslatef(0f, 0f, -2.5f);
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
gl.glVertex3f(-0.75f,0f,0);
gl.glVertex3f(0f,-0.75f, 0);
gl.glEnd();
//3d line
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
//3 units in to the window
gl.glVertex3f(-0.75f,0f,3f);
gl.glVertex3f(0f,-0.75f,3f);
gl.glEnd();
//top
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
gl.glVertex3f(-0.75f,0f,0);
gl.glVertex3f(-0.75f,0f,3f);
gl.glEnd();
//bottom
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
gl.glVertex3f(0f,-0.75f, 0);
gl.glVertex3f(0f,-0.75f,3f);
gl.glEnd();
}
@Override
public void dispose(GLAutoDrawable arg0) {
//method body
}
@Override
public void init(GLAutoDrawable arg0) {
// method body
}
@Override
public void reshape(GLAutoDrawable drawable, int x, int y, int width, int height) {
GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
if(height <=0)
height =1;
final float h = (float) width / (float) height;
gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
gl.glMatrixMode(GL2.GL_PROJECTION);
gl.glLoadIdentity();
glu.gluPerspective(45.0f, h, 1.0, 20.0);
gl.glMatrixMode(GL2.GL_MODELVIEW);
gl.glLoadIdentity();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//getting the capabilities object of GL2 profile
final GLProfile profile = GLProfile.get(GLProfile.GL2);
GLCapabilities capabilities = new GLCapabilities(profile);
// The canvas
final GLCanvas glcanvas = new GLCanvas(capabilities);
Edge1 b = new Edge1();
glcanvas.addGLEventListener(b);
glcanvas.setSize(400, 400);
//creating frame
final JFrame frame = new JFrame (" 3d edge");
//adding canvas to it
frame.getContentPane().add(glcanvas);
frame.setSize(frame.getContentPane().getPreferredSize());
frame.setVisible(true);
}//end of main
}//end of class
当编译并执行上述程序，将生成以下输出：
以同样的方式，由显影3D边缘到对应的任何二维四边形的侧面和连接相邻顶点，就可以得到一个3D四边形。
让我们通过程序来绘制一个菱形：
import javax.media.opengl.GL2;
import javax.media.opengl.GLAutoDrawable;
import javax.media.opengl.GLCapabilities;
import javax.media.opengl.GLEventListener;
import javax.media.opengl.GLProfile;
import javax.media.opengl.awt.GLCanvas;
import javax.media.opengl.glu.GLU;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
public class Rhombus implements GLEventListener{
private GLU glu = new GLU();
@Override
public void display(GLAutoDrawable drawable) {
final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
gl.glTranslatef(0f, 0f, -2.5f);
//drawing edge1.....
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
gl.glVertex3f(-0.75f,0f,0);
gl.glVertex3f(0f,-0.75f, 0);
gl.glEnd();
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
gl.glVertex3f(-0.75f,0f,3f);// 3 units into the window
gl.glVertex3f(0f,-0.75f,3f);
gl.glEnd();
//top
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
gl.glVertex3f(-0.75f,0f,0);
gl.glVertex3f(-0.75f,0f,3f);
gl.glEnd();
//bottom
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
gl.glVertex3f(0f,-0.75f, 0);
gl.glVertex3f(0f,-0.75f,3f);
gl.glEnd();
//edge 2....
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
gl.glVertex3f(0f,-0.75f, 0);
gl.glVertex3f(0.75f,0f, 0);
gl.glEnd();
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
gl.glVertex3f(0f,-0.75f, 3f);
gl.glVertex3f(0.75f,0f, 3f);
gl.glEnd();
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
gl.glVertex3f(0f,-0.75f, 0);
gl.glVertex3f(0f,-0.75f, 3f);
gl.glEnd();
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
gl.glVertex3f(0.75f,0f, 0);
gl.glVertex3f(0.75f,0f, 3f);
gl.glEnd();
//Edge 3.............
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
gl.glVertex3f( 0.0f,0.75f,0);
gl.glVertex3f(-0.75f,0f,0);
gl.glEnd();
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
gl.glVertex3f( 0.0f,0.75f,3f);
gl.glVertex3f(-0.75f,0f,3f);
gl.glEnd();
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
gl.glVertex3f( 0.0f,0.75f,0);
gl.glVertex3f( 0.0f,0.75f,3f);
gl.glEnd();
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
gl.glVertex3f(-0.75f,0f,0);
gl.glVertex3f(-0.75f,0f,3f);
gl.glEnd();
//final edge
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
gl.glVertex3f(0.75f,0f, 0);
gl.glVertex3f( 0.0f,0.75f,0);
gl.glEnd();
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
gl.glVertex3f(0.75f,0f,3f);
gl.glVertex3f( 0.0f,0.75f,3f);
gl.glEnd();
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
gl.glVertex3f(0.75f,0f, 0);
gl.glVertex3f(0.75f,0f,3f);
gl.glEnd();
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_LINES);
gl.glVertex3f( 0.0f,0.75f,0);
gl.glVertex3f( 0.0f,0.75f,3f);
gl.glEnd();
}
@Override
public void dispose(GLAutoDrawable arg0) {
//method body
}
@Override
public void init(GLAutoDrawable arg0) {
// method body
}
@Override
public void reshape(GLAutoDrawable drawable, int x, int y, int width, int height) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub final
GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
if(height <=0)
height =1;
final float h = (float) width / (float) height;
gl.glViewport(3, 6, width, height);
gl.glMatrixMode(GL2.GL_PROJECTION);
gl.glLoadIdentity();
glu.gluPerspective(45.0f, h, 1.0, 20.0);
gl.glMatrixMode(GL2.GL_MODELVIEW);
gl.glLoadIdentity();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//getting the capabilities object of GL2 profile
final GLProfile profile = GLProfile.get(GLProfile.GL2);
GLCapabilities capabilities = new GLCapabilities(profile);
// The canvas
final GLCanvas glcanvas = new GLCanvas(capabilities);
Rhombus b = new Rhombus();
glcanvas.addGLEventListener(b);
glcanvas.setSize(400, 400);
//creating frame
final JFrame frame = new JFrame (" Rhombus 3d");
//adding canvas to it
frame.getContentPane().add(glcanvas);
frame.setSize(frame.getContentPane().getPreferredSize());
frame.setVisible(true);
}//end of main
}//end of classimport javax.media.opengl.GL2;
当编译并执行上述程序，将生成以下输出。它显示了一个使用3D线条绘制的菱形
glBegin()方法的预定义参数可用于绘制3D形状。
让我们通过程序绘制一个3D三角（无深度测试）：
import javax.media.opengl.GL2;
import javax.media.opengl.GLAutoDrawable;
import javax.media.opengl.GLCapabilities;
import javax.media.opengl.GLEventListener;
import javax.media.opengl.GLProfile;
import javax.media.opengl.awt.GLCanvas;
import javax.media.opengl.glu.GLU;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import com.jogamp.opengl.util.FPSAnimator;
public class Triangle3d implements GLEventListener{
private GLU glu = new GLU();
private float rtri =0.0f;
@Override
public void display(GLAutoDrawable drawable) {
final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
// Clear The Screen And The Depth Buffer
gl.glClear( GL2.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL2.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT );
gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The View
gl.glTranslatef( -0.5f, 0.0f, -6.0f ); // Move the triangle
gl.glRotatef( rtri, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f );
gl.glBegin( GL2.GL_TRIANGLES );
//drawing triangle in all dimensions
// Front
gl.glColor3f( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ); // Red
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f ); // Top Of Triangle (Front)
gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); // Green
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Left Of Triangle (Front)
gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); // Blue
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Right Of Triangle (Front)
// Right
gl.glColor3f( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ); // Red
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f ); // Top Of Triangle (Right)
gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); // Blue
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Left Of Triangle (Right)
gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); // Green
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Right Of Triangle (Right)
// Left
gl.glColor3f( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ); // Red
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f ); // Top Of Triangle (Back)
gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); // Green
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Left Of Triangle (Back)
gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); // Blue
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Right Of Triangle (Back)
//left
gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); // Red
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f ); // Top Of Triangle (Left)
gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); // Blue
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Left Of Triangle (Left)
gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); // Green
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Right Of Triangle (Left)
gl.glEnd(); // Done Drawing 3d triangle (Pyramid)
gl.glFlush();
rtri +=0.2f;
}
@Override
public void dispose( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) {
//method body
}
@Override
public void init( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) {
//method body
}
@Override
public void reshape( GLAutoDrawable drawable, int x, int y, int width, int height ) {
final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
if(height <=;)
height =1;
final float h = ( float ) width / ( float ) height;
gl.glViewport( 0, 0, width, height );
gl.glMatrixMode( GL2.GL_PROJECTION );
gl.glLoadIdentity();
glu.gluPerspective( 45.0f, h, 1.0, 20.0 );
gl.glMatrixMode( GL2.GL_MODELVIEW );
gl.glLoadIdentity();
}
public static void main( String[] args ) {
final GLProfile profile = GLProfile.get( GLProfile.GL2 );
GLCapabilities capabilities = new GLCapabilities( profile );
// The canvas
final GLCanvas glcanvas = new GLCanvas( capabilities );
Triangle3d triangle = new Triangle3d();
glcanvas.addGLEventListener( triangle );
glcanvas.setSize( 400, 400 );
final JFrame frame = new JFrame ( "3d Triangle (shallow)" );
frame.getContentPane().add( glcanvas );
frame.setSize( frame.getContentPane().getPreferredSize() );
frame.setVisible( true );
final FPSAnimator animator = new FPSAnimator( glcanvas, 300,true );
animator.start();
}
}
当编译并执行上述程序，将生成以下输出。在这里，有旋转的3D三角形的快照。由于该程序不包含深度测试，三角形生成空洞。
为了使实心的三角形，需要使用过glEnable（GL_DEPTH_TEST），以实现深度测试。启用深度缓冲给出黑屏。方法|这可以同时清除使用glClear（GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT GL_COLOR_BUFFERBIT）的颜色被清除。要启用深度测试中的init()方法或glDisplay()方法，编写如下代码：
public void init(GLAutoDrawable drawable) {
final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
gl.glShadeModel(GL2.GL_SMOOTH);
gl.glClearColor(0f, 0f, 0f, 0f);
gl.glClearDepth(1.0f);
gl.glEnable(GL2.GL_DEPTH_TEST);
gl.glDepthFunc(GL2.GL_LEQUAL);
gl.glHint(GL2.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL2.GL_NICEST);
}
让我们通过程序绘制一个3D三角（深度测试）：
import javax.media.opengl.GL2;
import javax.media.opengl.GLAutoDrawable;
import javax.media.opengl.GLCapabilities;
import javax.media.opengl.GLEventListener;
import javax.media.opengl.GLProfile;
import javax.media.opengl.awt.GLCanvas;
import javax.media.opengl.glu.GLU;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import com.jogamp.opengl.util.FPSAnimator;
public class Triangledepthtest implements GLEventListener{
private GLU glu = new GLU();
private float rtri =0.0f;
@Override
public void display( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) {
final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
gl.glShadeModel( GL2.GL_SMOOTH );
gl.glClearColor( 0f, 0f, 0f, 0f );
gl.glClearDepth( 1.0f );
gl.glEnable( GL2.GL_DEPTH_TEST );
gl.glDepthFunc( GL2.GL_LEQUAL );
gl.glHint( GL2.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL2.GL_NICEST );
// Clear The Screen And The Depth Buffer
gl.glClear( GL2.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL2.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT );
gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The View
gl.glTranslatef( -0.5f,0.0f,-6.0f ); // Move the triangle
gl.glRotatef( rtri, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f );
gl.glBegin( GL2.GL_TRIANGLES );
//drawing triangle in all dimentions
//front
gl.glColor3f( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f ); // Red
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f ); // Top
gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f ); // Green
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Left
gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f ); // Blue
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Right)
//right
gl.glColor3f( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f );
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f ); // Top
gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f );
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Left
gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f );
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Right
//left
gl.glColor3f( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f );
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f ); // Top
gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f );
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Left
gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f );
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Right
//top
gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f );
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f ); // Top
gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f );
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Left
gl.glColor3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f );
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Right
gl.glEnd(); // Done Drawing 3d triangle (Pyramid)
gl.glFlush();
rtri +=0.2f;
}
@Override
public void dispose( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) {
//method body
}
@Override
public void init( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) {
final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
gl.glShadeModel( GL2.GL_SMOOTH );
gl.glClearColor( 0f, 0f, 0f, 0f );
gl.glClearDepth( 1.0f );
gl.glEnable( GL2.GL_DEPTH_TEST );
gl.glDepthFunc( GL2.GL_LEQUAL );
gl.glHint( GL2.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL2.GL_NICEST );
}
@Override
public void reshape( GLAutoDrawable drawable, int x, int y, int width, int height ) {
final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
if( height <=0 )
height =1;
final float h = ( float ) width / ( float ) height;
gl.glViewport( 0, 0, width, height );
gl.glMatrixMode( GL2.GL_PROJECTION );
gl.glLoadIdentity();
glu.gluPerspective( 45.0f, h, 1.0, 20.0 );
gl.glMatrixMode( GL2.GL_MODELVIEW );
gl.glLoadIdentity();
}
public static void main( String[] args ) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
final GLProfile profile = GLProfile.get( GLProfile.GL2 );
GLCapabilities capabilities = new GLCapabilities( profile );
// The canvas
final GLCanvas glcanvas = new GLCanvas( capabilities );
Triangledepthtest triangledepthtest = new Triangledepthtest();
glcanvas.addGLEventListener( triangledepthtest );
glcanvas.setSize( 400, 400 );
final JFrame frame = new JFrame ( "3d Triangle (solid)" );
frame.getContentPane().add(glcanvas);
frame.setSize( frame.getContentPane().getPreferredSize() );
frame.setVisible( true );
final FPSAnimator animator = new FPSAnimator( glcanvas, 300,true );
animator.start();
}
}
当编译并执行上述程序，将生成以下输出。
在这里，可以看到旋转的3D三角形的快照。由于该计划包括用于深度测试代码，三角形生成固体。
绘制一个3D立方体
以同样的方式，让我们得出一个3D立方体和应用颜色。通过程序来创建一个3D立方体：
import java.awt.DisplayMode;
import javax.media.opengl.GL2;
import javax.media.opengl.GLAutoDrawable;
import javax.media.opengl.GLCapabilities;
import javax.media.opengl.GLEventListener;
import javax.media.opengl.GLProfile;
import javax.media.opengl.awt.GLCanvas;
import javax.media.opengl.glu.GLU;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import com.jogamp.opengl.util.FPSAnimator;
public class Cube implements GLEventListener{
public static DisplayMode dm, dm_old;
private GLU glu = new GLU();
private float rquad=0.0f;
@Override
public void display( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) {
final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
gl.glClear( GL2.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL2.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT );
gl.glLoadIdentity();
gl.glTranslatef( 0f, 0f, -5.0f );
gl.glRotatef( rquad, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); // Rotate The Cube On X, Y & Z
//giving different colors to different sides
gl.glBegin( GL2.GL_QUADS ); // Start Drawing The Cube
gl.glColor3f( 1f,0f,0f ); //red color
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f ); // Top Right Of The Quad (Top)
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); // Top Left Of The Quad (Top)
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); // Bottom Left Of The Quad (Top)
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); // Bottom Right Of The Quad (Top)
gl.glColor3f( 0f,1f,0f ); //green color
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Top Right Of The Quad
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Top Left Of The Quad
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Bottom Left Of The Quad
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Bottom Right Of The Quad
gl.glColor3f( 0f,0f,1f ); //blue color
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); // Top Right Of The Quad (Front)
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); // Top Left Of The Quad (Front)
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Bottom Left Of The Quad
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Bottom Right Of The Quad
gl.glColor3f( 1f,1f,0f ); //yellow (red + green)
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Bottom Left Of The Quad
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Bottom Right Of The Quad
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f ); // Top Right Of The Quad (Back)
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f ); // Top Left Of The Quad (Back)
gl.glColor3f( 1f,0f,1f ); //purple (red + green)
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); // Top Right Of The Quad (Left)
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f ); // Top Left Of The Quad (Left)
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Bottom Left Of The Quad
gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Bottom Right Of The Quad
gl.glColor3f( 0f,1f, 1f ); //sky blue (blue +green)
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f ); // Top Right Of The Quad (Right)
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); // Top Left Of The Quad
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Bottom Left Of The Quad
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Bottom Right Of The Quad
gl.glEnd(); // Done Drawing The Quad
gl.glFlush();
rquad -=0.15f;
}
@Override
public void dispose( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void init( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) {
final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
gl.glShadeModel( GL2.GL_SMOOTH );
gl.glClearColor( 0f, 0f, 0f, 0f );
gl.glClearDepth( 1.0f );
gl.glEnable( GL2.GL_DEPTH_TEST );
gl.glDepthFunc( GL2.GL_LEQUAL );
gl.glHint( GL2.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL2.GL_NICEST );
}
@Override
public void reshape( GLAutoDrawable drawable, int x, int y, int width, int height ) {
final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
if( height <=0 )
height =1;
final float h = ( float ) width / ( float ) height;
gl.glViewport( 0, 0, width, height );
gl.glMatrixMode( GL2.GL_PROJECTION );
gl.glLoadIdentity();
glu.gluPerspective( 45.0f, h, 1.0, 20.0 );
gl.glMatrixMode( GL2.GL_MODELVIEW );
gl.glLoadIdentity();
}
public static void main( String[] args ) {
final GLProfile profile = GLProfile.get( GLProfile.GL2 );
GLCapabilities capabilities = new GLCapabilities( profile );
// The canvas
final GLCanvas glcanvas = new GLCanvas( capabilities );
Cube cube = new Cube();
glcanvas.addGLEventListener( cube );
glcanvas.setSize( 400, 400 );
final JFrame frame = new JFrame ( " Multicolored cube" );
frame.getContentPane().add( glcanvas );
frame.setSize( frame.getContentPane().getPreferredSize() );
frame.setVisible( true );
final FPSAnimator animator = new FPSAnimator( glcanvas, 300,true );
animator.start();
}
}
当编译并执行上述程序，将生成以下输出。这说明一个彩色3D立方体。
应用质感的立方体
给出下面的步骤来应用质感的立方体：
File file=new File(“c:\\pictures\\boy.jpg”);
Texture t=textureIO.newTexture(file, true);
texture=t.getTextureObject(gl);
可以要求纹理结合使用gl.glBindTexture（GL2.GL_TEXTURE_2D。纹理）绘制对象的接口方法的立方体。
这种方法需要的纹理（INT）参数以及GL2.GL_TEXTURE_2D（INT）
执行display()创建需要纹理变量。
在init()方法或在glDisplay()方法中的起始行，使用gl.glEnable（GL2.GL_TEXTURE_2D）方法的纹理。
创建纹理对象，它需要一个文件对象作为参数，而这又需要用作纹理的对象的图像的路径。
处理未发现异常文件。
让我们通过程序应用纹理到多维数据集：
import java.awt.DisplayMode;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.media.opengl.GL2;
import javax.media.opengl.GLAutoDrawable;
import javax.media.opengl.GLCapabilities;
import javax.media.opengl.GLEventListener;
import javax.media.opengl.GLProfile;
import javax.media.opengl.awt.GLCanvas;
import javax.media.opengl.glu.GLU;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import com.jogamp.opengl.util.FPSAnimator;
import com.jogamp.opengl.util.texture.Texture;
import com.jogamp.opengl.util.texture.TextureIO;
public class CubeTexture implements GLEventListener {
public static DisplayMode dm, dm_old;
private GLU glu = new GLU();
private float xrot,yrot,zrot;
private int texture;
@Override
public void display(GLAutoDrawable drawable) {
final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
gl.glClear(GL2.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL2.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The View
gl.glTranslatef(0f, 0f, -5.0f);
gl.glRotatef(xrot, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glRotatef(yrot, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
gl.glRotatef(zrot, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glBindTexture(GL2.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_QUADS);
// Front Face
gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
// Back Face
gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
// Top Face
gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
// Bottom Face
gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
// Right face
gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
// Left Face
gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
gl.glEnd();
gl.glFlush();
//change the speeds here
xrot+=.1f;
yrot+=.1f;
zrot+=.1f;
}
@Override
public void dispose(GLAutoDrawable drawable) {
// method body
}
@Override
public void init(GLAutoDrawable drawable) {
final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
gl.glShadeModel(GL2.GL_SMOOTH);
gl.glClearColor(0f, 0f, 0f, 0f);
gl.glClearDepth(1.0f);
gl.glEnable(GL2.GL_DEPTH_TEST);
gl.glDepthFunc(GL2.GL_LEQUAL);
gl.glHint(GL2.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL2.GL_NICEST);
gl.glEnable(GL2.GL_TEXTURE_2D);
try
{
File im = new File("E:\\office\\boy.jpg ");
Texture t = TextureIO.newTexture(im, true);
texture= t.getTextureObject(gl);
}
catch(IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void reshape(GLAutoDrawable drawable, int x, int y, int width, int height) {
final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();
if(height <=0)
height =1;
final float h = (float) width / (float) height;
gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
gl.glMatrixMode(GL2.GL_PROJECTION);
gl.glLoadIdentity();
glu.gluPerspective(45.0f, h, 1.0, 20.0);
gl.glMatrixMode(GL2.GL_MODELVIEW);
gl.glLoadIdentity();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final GLProfile profile = GLProfile.get(GLProfile.GL2);
GLCapabilities capabilities = new GLCapabilities(profile);
// The canvas
final GLCanvas glcanvas = new GLCanvas(capabilities);
CubeTexture r = new CubeTexture();
glcanvas.addGLEventListener(r);
glcanvas.setSize(400, 400);
final JFrame frame = new JFrame (" Textured Cube");
frame.getContentPane().add(glcanvas);
frame.setSize(frame.getContentPane().getPreferredSize());
frame.setVisible(true);
final FPSAnimator animator = new FPSAnimator(glcanvas, 300,true );
animator.start();
}
}
当编译并执行上述程序，将生成以下输出。可以看到一个3D立方体与应用上所需的纹理。
附录
GPU - 图形处理单元，它是促进图像的呈现一个特殊的电子设备。
JNI - Java本地接口。使用它，Java可以访问本地方法。
模型 - 它们是从基本的图形元素，如点，线和多边形构造的对象。
像素 - 显示在屏幕上看到的最小单位。
投影 - 映射对象的坐标的二维平面的方法，被称为凸起。
投影矩阵 - 它是二维表面上的物体的线性变换。
渲染 - 由计算机从模型生成的图像的过程。
视口 - 视区是计算机图形学的屏幕上观看区域。