如何获取期权市场数据快照

来源:https://uqer.io/community/share/550274e4f9f06c7a9ae9a535

在本文中,我们将通过实际的市场的例子,展示如何在量化实验室中计算和展示期权的隐含波动率微笑。

import pandas as pd
from matplotlib import pylab
pd.options.display.float_format = '{:,>.4f}'.format

1. 获取市场数据

在本节中,我们使用数据API获取数据,并进行一些必要的数据转换。这里我们获取的是实时报价,是本 notebook 运行时的市场快照。

  • dataDate 交易日
  • dataTime 快照时间戳
  • optionId 期权代码
  • instrumentID 期权交易代码
  • contractType 期权类型,CO为看着,PO为看跌
  • strikePrice 行权价
  • expDate 到期日
  • lastPrice 最新价
optionSnapShot = OptionsDataSnapShot()
optionSnapShot[optionSnapShot.expDate == Date(2015,9,23)]
dataDate dataTime optionId instrumentID contractType strikePrice expDate lastPrice
30 2015-03-13 13:24:12 10000031 510050C1509M02200 CO 2.2000 September 23rd, 2015 0.3388
31 2015-03-13 13:24:17 10000032 510050C1509M02250 CO 2.2500 September 23rd, 2015 0.3019
32 2015-03-13 13:24:22 10000033 510050C1509M02300 CO 2.3000 September 23rd, 2015 0.2816
33 2015-03-13 13:24:27 10000034 510050C1509M02350 CO 2.3500 September 23rd, 2015 0.2484
34 2015-03-13 13:24:32 10000035 510050C1509M02400 CO 2.4000 September 23rd, 2015 0.2070
35 2015-03-13 13:24:36 10000036 510050P1509M02200 PO 2.2000 September 23rd, 2015 0.0690
36 2015-03-13 13:24:41 10000037 510050P1509M02250 PO 2.2500 September 23rd, 2015 0.0804
37 2015-03-13 13:24:47 10000038 510050P1509M02300 PO 2.3000 September 23rd, 2015 0.0955
38 2015-03-13 13:24:52 10000039 510050P1509M02350 PO 2.3500 September 23rd, 2015 0.1194
39 2015-03-13 13:24:58 10000040 510050P1509M02400 PO 2.4000 September 23rd, 2015 0.1322
46 2015-03-13 13:24:52 10000047 510050C1509M02450 CO 2.4500 September 23rd, 2015 0.1889
47 2015-03-13 13:24:58 10000048 510050P1509M02450 PO 2.4500 September 23rd, 2015 0.1555
54 2015-03-13 13:24:32 10000055 510050C1509M02500 CO 2.5000 September 23rd, 2015 0.1629
55 2015-03-13 13:24:36 10000056 510050P1509M02500 PO 2.5000 September 23rd, 2015 0.1900
62 2015-03-13 13:24:32 10000063 510050C1509M02550 CO 2.5500 September 23rd, 2015 0.1443
63 2015-03-13 13:24:36 10000064 510050P1509M02550 PO 2.5500 September 23rd, 2015 0.2169

2. 计算隐含波动率以及相关Greeks

接着我们可以方便的使用内置函数 BSMImpliedVolatity 计算期权的隐含波动率。

  • price 市场报价或者模型价格
  • delta 期权价格关于标的价格的一阶导数
  • gamma 期权价格关于标的价格的二阶导数
  • rho 期权价格关于无风险利率的一阶导数
  • theta 期权价格关于到期时间的一阶导数(每日)
  • vega 期权价格关于波动率的一阶导数
analyticResult = OptionsAnalyticResult()
analyticResult.loc[:10, ['optionId', 'contractType', 'strikePrice', 'expDate', 'lastPrice', 'vol', 'delta', 'gamma', 'rho', 'theta', 'vega']]
optionId contractType strikePrice expDate lastPrice vol delta gamma rho theta vega
1 10000002 CO 2.2500 March 25th, 2015 0.2184 0.2259 0.9886 0.2947 0.0730 -0.0458 0.0133
2 10000003 CO 2.3000 March 25th, 2015 0.1730 0.2867 0.9165 1.1965 0.0687 -0.2996 0.0687
3 10000004 CO 2.3500 March 25th, 2015 0.1229 0.2177 0.8963 1.8495 0.0687 -0.2670 0.0806
4 10000005 CO 2.4000 March 25th, 2015 0.0814 0.2166 0.7676 3.1504 0.0596 -0.4503 0.1367
8 10000009 PO 2.3500 March 25th, 2015 0.0076 0.2482 -0.1332 1.9373 -0.0111 -0.3633 0.0963
9 10000010 PO 2.4000 March 25th, 2015 0.0159 0.2346 -0.2488 3.0197 -0.0207 -0.5061 0.1419
10 10000011 CO 2.2000 April 22nd, 2015 0.2778 0.2703 0.9081 0.7466 0.2152 -0.1661 0.1347

3. 构造波动率曲面

但是对于市场参与者而言,像刚才这样仅仅观察的线的结构不够。他们需要看到整个市场以到期时间,行权价为轴的波动率曲面(Volatility Surface)。除此之外,他们更想知道,波动率曲面上,那些并不是市场报价点的值,至少是个估计。这样的波动率曲面构造,往往需要依赖某种模型,或者某种插值方法。在这一节中,我们将介绍使用 CAL 中的波动率曲面构造函数。

以下的例子基于 CAL 函数: VolatilitySurfaceSnapShot

3.1 基于SABR模型的波动率曲面

volInterpolatorSABR = VolatilitySurfaceSnapShot(optionType = 'CALL', interpType = 'SABR')
volInterpolatorSABR.plotSurface(startStrike = 2.2,endStrike = 2.6)
volInterpolatorSABR.volalitltyProfileFromPeriods([2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6], ['1M', '2M', '3M', '6M', '9M'])
1M 2M 3M 6M 9M
2.2000 0.2720 0.2406 0.2327 0.2531 0.2545
2.3000 0.2048 0.2207 0.2345 0.2546 0.2557
2.4000 0.2245 0.2341 0.2389 0.2525 0.2533
2.5000 0.2241 0.2328 0.2381 0.2479 0.2484
2.6000 0.2311 0.2356 0.2362 0.2425 0.2429

3.2 基于SVI模型的波动率曲面

volInterpolatorSVI = VolatilitySurfaceSnapShot(optionType = 'CALL', interpType = 'SVI')
volInterpolatorSVI.plotSurface(startStrike = 2.2,endStrike = 2.6)
volInterpolatorSVI.volalitltyProfileFromPeriods([2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6], ['1M', '2M', '3M', '6M', '9M'])
1M 2M 3M 6M 9M
2.2000 0.2769 0.2476 0.2369 0.2566 0.2580
2.3000 0.2121 0.2223 0.2340 0.2535 0.2545
2.4000 0.2170 0.2292 0.2365 0.2504 0.2512
2.5000 0.2290 0.2357 0.2389 0.2474 0.2479
2.6000 0.2401 0.2417 0.2413 0.2508 0.2514

3.3 基于Balck波动率插值的波动率曲面

volInterpolatorVariance = VolatilitySurfaceSnapShot(optionType = 'CALL', interpType = 'BlackVariance')
volInterpolatorVariance.plotSurface(startStrike = 2.2,endStrike = 2.6)
volInterpolatorVariance.volalitltyProfileFromPeriods([2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6], ['1M', '2M', '3M', '6M', '9M'])
1M 2M 3M 6M 9M
2.2000 0.2676 0.2380 0.2202 0.2516 0.2537
2.3000 0.2082 0.2270 0.2441 0.2660 0.2672
2.4000 0.2277 0.2325 0.2341 0.2404 0.2408
2.5000 0.2278 0.2363 0.2408 0.2463 0.2466
2.6000 0.2252 0.2324 0.2365 0.2517 0.2526

4. 组合计算

在本节中,我们假设客户已经拥有了自己的期权头寸,希望利用量化实验室的功能进行风险监控。我们假设有以下的期权头寸:

期权代码 数量 行权价(¥) 到期时间
10000004 -7000 2.35 2015-03-25
10000011 2000 2.20 2015-04-22
10000027 5000 2.25 2015-06-24
10000047 3000 2.45 2015-09-23

然后我们构造 OptionBook:

optionIDs = ['10000011', '10000027', '10000004', '10000047']
amounts = [2000, 5000, -7000, 3000]
optBook = OptionBook(optionIDs, amounts)
print u'期权头寸:'
optBook.description()

期权头寸:
dataDate dataTime optionId instrumentID contractType strikePrice expDate lastPrice amount
0 2015-03-13 13:24:58 10000004 510050C1503M02350 CO 2.3500 March 25th, 2015 0.1229 -7000
1 2015-03-13 13:24:32 10000011 510050C1504M02200 CO 2.2000 April 22nd, 2015 0.2778 2000
2 2015-03-13 13:24:52 10000027 510050P1506M02250 PO 2.2500 June 24th, 2015 0.0450 5000
3 2015-03-13 13:24:52 10000047 510050C1509M02450 CO 2.4500 September 23rd, 2015 0.1889 3000

4.1 使用Black插值模型计算组合风险

optBook.riskReport(volInterpolatorVariance)
optionId vol price delta gamma rho theta vega
0 10000004 0.2060 -860.3000 -6370.8417 -12316.8687 -488.8540 1592.3418 -508.3851
1 10000011 0.2634 555.6000 1828.2807 1456.7054 433.8000 -307.9681 256.2961
2 10000027 0.2484 220.5000 -1103.5286 4552.0335 -831.0864 -856.2742 1945.3136
3 10000047 0.2509 566.7000 1659.5347 2626.2983 1876.5865 -503.9843 2135.1356
portfolio NaN nan 482.5000 -3986.5549 -3681.8315 990.4461 -75.8848 3828.3602

4.2 使用SABR模型组合风险

optBook.riskReport(volInterpolatorSABR)
optionId vol price delta gamma rho theta vega
0 10000004 0.2157 -865.4365 -6301.5462 -12703.7735 -483.0602 1800.8937 -549.0791
1 10000011 0.2523 552.8686 1845.2432 1405.9255 438.6890 -272.7679 236.9632
2 10000027 0.2347 194.1368 -1048.6009 4677.9921 -785.3771 -785.2668 1888.5079
3 10000047 0.2511 566.9933 1659.5667 2624.8517 1876.4726 -504.2584 2135.1279
portfolio NaN nan 448.5622 -3845.3372 -3995.0043 1046.7243 238.6007 3711.5199

4.3 使用SVI模型组合风险

optBook.riskReport(volInterpolatorSVI)
optionId vol price delta gamma rho theta vega
0 10000004 0.2126 -863.7639 -6323.4081 -12591.1718 -484.8898 1734.2876 -536.4362
1 10000011 0.2634 555.6000 1828.2807 1456.7054 433.8000 -307.9681 256.2961
2 10000027 0.2355 195.6318 -1051.9049 4670.9045 -788.1010 -789.3710 1892.0017
3 10000047 0.2495 563.6855 1659.2077 2641.2567 1877.7596 -501.1669 2135.2142
portfolio NaN nan 451.1534 -3887.8246 -3822.3052 1038.5689 135.7815 3747.0758

5 比较不同模型的拟合市场数据的能力

这里我们比较不同的模型,对于市场数据的拟合能力。这里我们可以观察到单论你和能力 BlackVarianceSurface > SviCalibratedVolSruface > SABRCalibratedVolSruface。这里我们并不想下这样的结论:这些模型的优劣也有相同的排序。

另一个我们可以观察到的现象,对于近月合约(流动性最好),波动率微笑是最规则的。在这个期限上,三种模型的拟合都很到位。随着期限的上升,流动性的下降,买卖价差也随之扩大。这时候波动率微笑变得愈发不规则,这个时候一个完美拟合至市场的模型是否必要,是一个很大的问题:如果市场报价并不理性,一个优秀的模型应该可以指出这种不合理点,而不是简单的接受市场的非理性。

from matplotlib import pylab

strikes = sorted(analyticResult['strikePrice'].unique())
expiries = [Date(2015,3,25),Date(2015,4,25),Date(2015,6,25),Date(2015,9,25)]
maturity = [(date - EvaluationDate())/ 365.0 for date in expiries]
volSurfaces = [volInterpolatorSABR, volInterpolatorSVI]

def plotModelFitting(index, volSurfaces, legends = ['Market Quote', 'SABR', 'SVI']):
    # Using Black variance surface to extrace the rar wolatility
    data = volInterpolatorVariance.volatility(strikes, maturity[index], True)
    pylab.plot(strikes, data, 'r+-.',  markersize = 8)
    for s in volSurfaces:
        data = s.volatility(strikes, maturity[index], True)
        pylab.plot(strikes, data)
    pylab.xlabel('Strike')
    pylab.ylabel('Volatility')
    pylab.legend(legends, loc = 'best', fontsize = 12)
    pylab.title(u'行权结算日: ' + str(expiries[index]), fontproperties = font, fontsize = 20)
    pylab.grid(True)

pylab.subplots(2,2, figsize = (16,14))
for i in range(1,5):
    pylab.subplot('22' + str(i))
    plotModelFitting(i-1, volSurfaces)

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