将图节点放置在特定的计算设备上

让我们通过定义配置对象来启用变量放置的记录，将log_device_placement属性设置为true，然后将此config对象传递给会话，如下所示：

tf.reset_default_graph()

# Define model parameters
w = tf.Variable([.3], tf.float32)
b = tf.Variable([-.3], tf.float32)
# Define model input and output
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32)
y = w * x + b

config = tf.ConfigProto()
config.log_device_placement=True

with tf.Session(config=config) as tfs:
  # initialize and print the variable y
  tfs.run(global_variables_initializer())
   print('output',tfs.run(y,{x:[1,2,3,4]}))

我们在 Jupyter Notebook 控制台中获得以下输出：

b: (VariableV2): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0
b/read: (Identity): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0
b/Assign: (Assign): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0
w: (VariableV2): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0
w/read: (Identity): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0
mul: (Mul): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0
add: (Add): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0
w/Assign: (Assign): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0
init: (NoOp): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0
x: (Placeholder): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0
b/initial_value: (Const): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0
Const_1: (Const): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0
w/initial_value: (Const): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0
Const: (Const): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0

因此，默认情况下，TensorFlow 会在设备上创建变量和操作节点，从而获得最高表现。 可以使用 tf.device() 函数将变量和操作放在特定设备上。让我们把图放在 CPU 上：

tf.reset_default_graph()

with tf.device('/device:CPU:0'):
  # Define model parameters
  w = tf.get_variable(name='w',initializer=[.3], dtype=tf.float32)
    b = tf.get_variable(name='b',initializer=[-.3], dtype=tf.float32)
    # Define model input and output
  x = tf.placeholder(name='x',dtype=tf.float32)
    y = w * x + b

config = tf.ConfigProto()
config.log_device_placement=True

with tf.Session(config=config) as tfs:
  # initialize and print the variable y
  tfs.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
   print('output',tfs.run(y,{x:[1,2,3,4]}))

在 Jupyter 控制台中，我们看到现在变量已经放在 CPU 上，并且执行也发生在 CPU 上：

b: (VariableV2): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0
b/read: (Identity): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0
b/Assign: (Assign): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0
w: (VariableV2): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0
w/read: (Identity): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0
mul: (Mul): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0
add: (Add): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0
w/Assign: (Assign): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0
init: (NoOp): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0
x: (Placeholder): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0
b/initial_value: (Const): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0
Const_1: (Const): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0
w/initial_value: (Const): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0
Const: (Const): /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0